POLMAX     CALDIE      NIMAX   UNIMAX



 

  


General

Caldie is a chromium-molybdenum-vanadium alloyed tool steel.Caldie is suitable for short to medium run tooling where chipping and/or cracking are the predominant failure mechanisms and where a high compressive strength (hardness of over 60HRC) is necessary.his makes Caldie an excellent problem solver for severe cld work applications where the combination of a hardness above 60HRC and a high cracking resistance is of utmost importance e.g. as in the blanking and forming of ultra high strength steel sheets.
Caldie is also very suitable as a substrate steel for applications where surface coatings are desirable or necessary.

Characteristics found in CALDIE:

Very good chipping and cracking resistance

Good wear resistance

High hardness(>60HRC) after high temparature    tempering
Good dimensional stability in heat treatment and in    service
Excellent through - hardning properties

Good machinability and grindability

Excellent polishability

Good surface treatment properties

Good resistance to tempering back   very good     WEDM properties



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Typical Analysis %
C 0,7
Si 0,2
Mn 0,5
Cr 2,3
V
0,5
Standard Specification
None
Delivery
Condition
Soft annealed to approx
215HB
Colour Code
White/Grey

   

Applications

Examples on applications where extreme surface finishes are required:

Blanking applications where high ductility and toughness are needed to prevent chipping / cracking
Cold forging and forming operations where a high compressive strength combined with good resitance to chipping / cracking are necessary
Machine Knives
Thread rolling dies
Substrate for surface coatings

HPS applications:

Engineering applications where high ductility and toughness are needed to prevent chipping / cracking.




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Properties

PHYSICAL DATA

Hardened and tempered to60-62HRC. Data at room and elevated temperatures.

Temparature
20º C
(68º F)
200º C
(390º F)
400º C
(750º F)
Density, Kg/m3
Ibs/in3
7 820
0,282
Coefficient of thermal expansion
Per º C from 20º
Per º F from 20ºF

-

-

11,0 x 10-6
6,4 x 10-6

12,4 x 10-6
6,9 x 10-6
Thermal conductivity
W/m º C
Btu in/( ft2h º F)



24
174

28
195
Modulus of elasticity
MPa
Psi

213 000
31.2 x 106

192 000
27,8 x 106

180 000
26,1 x 106
Specific heat
J/kg º C
Btu/Ib º F

460
0,11
-
-

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Compressive Strength of Material

Approximately compressive strength vs.hardness is shown in the table below.

Hardness
HRC
Compressive yield strength
Rc0,2(MPa)
58
60
61
2230
2350
2430

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Chipping Resistance

Relative chipping resistance for CALDIE, AISI A2 and AISI D2 shown below


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Heat treatment

SOFT ANNEALING

Protect the steel and heat through to 820ºC (1510ºF).  Then cool in the furnace at 10ºC (20ºF) per hour to 650ºC (1200ºF), then freely in air.

STRESS-RELIEVING

After rough machining the tool should be heated through to 650ºC (1200ºF), holding time 2 hours.  Cool slowly to 500ºC (930ºF), then freely in air.

HARDENING

Preheating temperature : 600-650ºC (1100-1200ºF) and 850-900ºC(1560-1650ºCF)during hardening.
Austenitizing temperature : 1000-1025ºC (1830-1875ºF)
Holding time                    : 30 Min
Protect the part against decarburization and oxidation.
CCT-graph
Austenitizing temparature 1020ºc(1870ºc).Holding time 30 minutes.

Cooling Curve No
 Hardness HV 10

T800-500
(Sec)
1 824 2
2 813 140
3 803 280
4 803 1030
5 792 1596
6 690 2325
7 525 525
8 464 13850
 
 
 
Tempºc Time
hours		 Harden
HV 10
750 8,2 243
700 3.9 333
650 23.1 390
600 14.3 824
350 14.6 835
300 8.2 542
250 23.2 606
200 8.1 835
150 25.5 824
 


Tempering
Hardness,HRC

 
 
Hardness, grain size and retained austenite as a function of austenitizing temperature.



Dimensional Changes
The dimensional changes have been measured after austenitizing at 100ºc(1830ºF)/30 minutes and 1020ºc(1870ºf)/30 minutes followed by gas quenching in N2
at a cooling rate of 1,1ºC/s between 800-50ºC (1470 -930ºF) in acold chamber vacuum furnace.
Specimen size : 100 x 100 x 100 mm (3.9" x3.9" x 3.9" )
Values for all directions are within the marked areas.

 



SURFACE TREATMENTS

Tool steels may be given a surface treatment in order to reduce friction and increase wear resistance.The most commonly used treatments are nitriding and surface coating with wear resistant layers produced via PVD or CVD.

The high hardness and toughness together with agood dimenional stability makes Caldie suitable as a substrate for various surface coatings.


NITRIDING AND NITROCARBURZING

Nitriding and nitrocarburizing result in a hard surfce layer which is very resistant to wear and galling.
The surface hardness after nitriding is approximately 1000-1200HV0.2kg.The thickness of the layer should be chosen to suit the application in question.

PVD
Physical vapour deposition ,PVD, is a method of applying a wear - resistant coating at temperatures between 200-500ºc(390-930ºF) .

CVD

Chemical vapour deposition , CVD, is used for applying wear- resistant surface coatings at a temperature of around 1000ºc.
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Cutting data recommendations

The cutting data beow are to be considered as guiding values, which must be adapted to existing local conditions.

TURNING

  Turning with Carbide
Turning with high speed steel
Fine tuning tuning
Cutting Data parameters Rough Turning Fine turning  
 Cutting speed(vc)m/min f.p.m
140-190
460-620
190-240
620-785
15-20
50-65

 Feed(f) mm/r i.p.r
0.2-0.4
0.008-0.016
0.05-0.2
0.002-0.008
0.05-0.3
0.002-0.012  

 Depth of cut (ap)mm inch

 
2-4
0.08-0.16
0.5-2
0.02-0.08 		0.5-3
0.02-0.12
 Carbide designation
ISo
US
P20-P30
C6-C5
Coated Carbide
P10
C7
Coated Carbide or Cement
-
-


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Milling

  Milling with carbide
Cutting Data Parameters Rough milling Fine milling
Cutting speed(vc)
130-160
430-525
160-200
525-656
Feed(fz)
mm/tooth
inch/toth
0.2-0.4
0.008-0.016
0.1-0.2
0.004-0.008
Depth of cut (ap)
mm
inch
2-4
0.08-0.16
0.5-2
0.02-0.08
Carbide designation
ISO
US
P20-P40
C6-C5
Coated carbide
P10-20
C7-C6
Coated carbide or cement

End milling
 
Type of milling
Cutting data Parameters Solid carbide Carbide indexable inser
High speed steel
Cutting Speed(Vc)
     m/mm
     f.p.m
110-140
360-460
100-140
330-460
18-23¹
60-75¹
Feed (fz)
     mm/tooth
     inch/tooth
0.01-0.20²
0.0003-0.008²
0.06-0.20²
0.02-0.008²
0.01-0.30²
0.0003-0.012²
Carbide designation
     ISo
     US
-
P20-P30
C6-C5
-
¹) For coated HSS end mill Vc =32-38 /min.(105-125 f.p.m).
² ) Depending on radial depth of cut and cutter diameter.

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Drilling
High speed steel twist drill

Drill diameter
Cutting Speed(Vc)
Feed (f)
mm inch m/min f.p.m mm/r i.p.r
-5
-3/16
15-20*
49-66*
0.05-0.10
0.002-0.004
5-10
3/16-3/8
15-20*
49-66*
0.10-0.20
0.004-0.008
10-15
3/8-5/8
15-20*
49-66*
0.0-0.30
0.008-0.012
15-20
5/8-3/4
15-20*
49-66*
0.30-0.35
0.012-0.014

For coated HSS drill Vc=35-40 m/min(110-130 f.p.m).

Carbide drill
 
Type og drill
Cutting data parameters Indexable insert solid carbide Brazes Carbide¹
Cutting Speed (Vc)
m/min
f.p.m 		160-200
525-655 		110-140
360-460 		60-90
19-295
Feed (f)
m/r
i.p.r

0.05-0.15²

0.002-0.006²

 0.10-0.25²
0.004-0.01² 		0.15-0.25²
0.006-0.01²

¹) Drill with internal cooling channels and brazed carbide tip
²) Depending on drill diameter.

Grinding
A general grinding wheel recommendation is given below.

Wheel Recommendation

Type of grinding
Soft annealed condation
Hardened condition
Face grinding stright wheel
A46HV
A46HV
Face grinding segments
A24GV
A36GV
Cylindrical grinding
A60KV
A60KV
Internal grinding
A60JV
A60IV
Profile grinding
A10KV
A120JV

Electrical Discharge Machining

If EDM is performed in the hardened and tempered condition, finish with "fine-sparking", i.e. low current, high frequency.
For ooptional performance the EDM'd surface should be ground / polished and the tool re-tempered at approx.25ºC(50ºF) lower than the original tempering temperature.

Flame hardening
Use oxy -acetylene equipment with a capacity of 800-1250l/h.Oxygen pressure 1.5 bar .Adjust to give netural flame.Temparature:980-1020ºC(1795-1870ºF).Coolfreely in the air.The hardeness at the surface will be 58-62HRC and 41HRC (400HB) at a depth of 3-3.5mm(0.12"-0.14").

Welding
Welding of die components can be performed , with acceptable results, as long as the proper precautions are taken during the presentation of the joint, the filler material selection ,the preheating of the tool and the post weld heat treatment processes.The following guidelines summeriz the most importent welding process parameters.

Welding method
TIG
MMA
Preheating temperature
200-250ºC
(390-485ºF)
200-250ºc
(390-485ºF)
Filler material
UTP A696
UTP ADUR600
UTPA73G2
UTP69
UTP675
UTP73G2
Maximum interpass temperature
350ºC
(660ºF)
350ºC
(660ºF)
Post weld cooling 20-40ºc/h(40-50ºF/h)for the first 2 hours and then freely in air.
Post weld treatment
Hardened condition Tempere at 510ºC(950ºF) for 2 hours.
Soft annealed condition Soft - anneal according to the "Heat treatment recommenditions".
Minor repairs can be made at room temperature with the TIG-method.


Further Information

Please contact your local uddeholm office for further information on the selection, heat treatment, application and availability of Uddeholm tool steels.
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Relative comparision of UDDEHOLM cold work tool steel

 
Resistance to
 Fatigue cracking resistance
Uddeholm grade
Hardeness/
Resistance to
plastic deformation
 Machinability Grindability Dimension
stability		 Abrasive
wear 		Adhesive wear Ductility/
resistance to chipping		 Toughness gross
Cracking
ARNE
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CALMAX
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CALDIE
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
RIGOR
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SLEIPNER
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SVERKER 21
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SVERKER 3
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
VANADIS 4 Extra
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
VANADIS 6
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
VANADIS 10
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
VANADIS 23
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Böhler Uddeholm Group company © 2007 ASSAB SRIPAD STEELS LTD.All Rights Reserved.